SOL PS.2 - Properties of Matter

PS.2 Matter Physical Science Middle Home

SOL PS.2 matter - 2018 standards
PS.2 The student will investigate and understand matter is composed of atoms. Key concepts include our understanding of atoms has developed over time; the periodic table can be used to predict the chemical and physical properties of matter; the kinetic molecular theory is used to predict and explain matter interactions. Atoms A series of contributions and discoveries has led to the development of the atomic theory. The atomic theory encapsulates our current understanding of the atom and its structure. The development of this theory illustrates the nature of science. The electron cloud model best represents our current understanding of the atomic structure. The electron cloud model describes the atom as containing a dense nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by regions of space (clouds) where electrons are most likely to be found. Note: the Bohr model is an inaccurate model and does not depict the 3-D nature of the atom; it implies that electrons are in static orbits. Matter consists of atoms held together by electromagnetic forces; matter exists as different substances which can be utilized based on their properties. Different substances with different properties are suited to different uses. Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. The properties of an atom are based on the number and arrangement of its parts. The atom consists of subatomic particles that differ in location, charge, and relative mass. protons neutrons electrons Periodic Table The organization of the periodic table can be used to predict the metallic character and tendency of main group elements to form ionic or covalent bonds . Elements in the same vertical column or group of the periodic table contain the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels. These electrons are called valence electrons and give rise to similar chemical properties. Elements in the same row of the periodic table contain the same number of energy levels. Kinetic Molecular Theory The kinetic molecular theory states that atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion and have kinetic energy. The relative amount of kinetic energy in a group of atoms or molecules is an important factor in determining its physical state. The changes of state that occur with variations in temperature or pressure can be described and predicted using the kinetic molecular theory.

SOL PS.2 matter - 2018 standards

our understanding of atoms has developed over time;
the periodic table can be used to predict the chemical and physical properties of matter;
the kinetic molecular theory is used to predict and explain matter interactions.

Atoms

A series of contributions and discoveries has led to the development of the atomic theory.
The atomic theory encapsulates our current understanding of the atom and its structure.
The development of this theory illustrates the nature of science.

The electron cloud model best represents our current understanding of the atomic structure.
The electron cloud model describes the atom as containing a dense nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by regions of space (clouds) where electrons are most likely to be found.
- Note: the Bohr model is an inaccurate model and does not depict the 3-D nature of the atom; it implies that electrons are in static orbits.

Matter consists of atoms held together by electromagnetic forces; matter exists as different substances which can be utilized based on their properties.
- Different substances with different properties are suited to different uses.
Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter.
The properties of an atom are based on the number and arrangement of its parts.
The atom consists of subatomic particles that differ in location, charge, and relative mass.
- protons
- neutrons
- electrons

Periodic Table

The organization of the periodic table can be used to predict the metallic character and tendency of main group elements to form ionic or covalent bonds .

Elements in the same vertical column or group of the periodic table contain the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels.
These electrons are called valence electrons and give rise to similar chemical properties.

Elements in the same row of the periodic table contain the same number of energy levels.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

The kinetic molecular theory states that atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion and have kinetic energy.
The relative amount of kinetic energy in a group of atoms or molecules is an important factor in determining its physical state.
The changes of state that occur with variations in temperature or pressure can be described and predicted using the kinetic molecular theory.