SOLPS.10 Work, Force and Motion

PS.10 Force & Motion Physical Science Middle Home

SOL PS.10 Work, Force, & Motion
PS.10 The student will investigate and understand the scientific principles of work, force, and motion. Key concepts include speed, velocity, and acceleration Newton’s laws of motion work, force, mechanical advantage, efficiency, and power technological applications of work, force, and motion Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration Acceleration is the change in velocity per unit of time. An object moving with constant velocity has no acceleration. A decrease in velocity is negative acceleration or deceleration. A distance-time graph for acceleration is always a curve. Objects moving with circular motion are constantly accelerating because direction (and hence velocity) is constantly changing. Speed is the change in position of an object per unit of time. Velocity may have a positive or a negative value depending on the direction of the change in position, whereas speed always has a positive value and is nondirectional. make measurements to calculate the speed of a moving object. apply the concepts of speed, velocity, and acceleration when describing motion. Newton's Laws Newton’s three laws of motion describe the motion of all common objects. identify situations that illustrate each Law of Motion. Mass and weight are not equivalent. Mass is the amount of matter in a given substance. Weight is a measure of the force due to gravity acting on a mass. Weight is measured in newtons. differentiate between mass and weight. A force is a push or pull. Force is measured in newtons. Force can cause objects to move, stop moving, change speed, or change direction. explain how force, mass, and acceleration are related. Work is done when an object is moved through a distance in the direction of the applied force. A simple machine is a device that makes work easier. Simple machines have different purposes: to change the effort needed (mechanical advantage), to change the direction or distance through which the force is applied, to change the speed at which the resistance moves, or a combination of these. apply the concept of mechanical advantage to test and explain how a machine makes work easier. Due to friction, the work put into a machine is always greater than the work output. The ratio of work output to work input is called efficiency. Mathematical formulas are used to calculate speed, force, work, and power. make measurements to calculate the work done on an object and the power of an object solve basic problems given the following formulas: Speed = distance/time (s = d/t) Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma) Work = force × distance (W = Fd) Power = work/time (P = W/t). explain how the concepts of work, force, and motion apply to everyday uses and current technologies.

SOL PS.10 Work, Force, & Motion

speed, velocity, and acceleration
Newton’s laws of motion
work, force, mechanical advantage, efficiency, and power
technological applications of work, force, and motion

Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

Acceleration is the change in velocity per unit of time.
- An object moving with constant velocity has no acceleration.
- A decrease in velocity is negative acceleration or deceleration.
- A distance-time graph for acceleration is always a curve.
- Objects moving with circular motion are constantly accelerating because direction (and hence velocity) is constantly changing.

Speed is the change in position of an object per unit of time.
Velocity may have a positive or a negative value depending on the direction of the change in position, whereas speed always has a positive value and is nondirectional.
make measurements to calculate the speed of a moving object.
apply the concepts of speed, velocity, and acceleration when describing motion.

Newton's Laws

Newton’s three laws of motion describe the motion of all common objects.
identify situations that illustrate each Law of Motion.

Mass and weight are not equivalent.
- Mass is the amount of matter in a given substance.
- Weight is a measure of the force due to gravity acting on a mass.
- Weight is measured in newtons.
- differentiate between mass and weight.
A force is a push or pull.
- Force is measured in newtons.
- Force can cause objects to move, stop moving, change speed, or change direction.
explain how force, mass, and acceleration are related.

Work is done when an object is moved through a distance in the direction of the applied force.
A simple machine is a device that makes work easier.
- Simple machines have different purposes:
  - to change the effort needed (mechanical advantage),
  - to change the direction or distance through which the force is applied,
  - to change the speed at which the resistance moves,
  - or a combination of these.
  - apply the concept of mechanical advantage to test and explain how a machine makes work easier.
Due to friction, the work put into a machine is always greater than the work output.
- The ratio of work output to work input is called efficiency.
Mathematical formulas are used to calculate speed, force, work, and power.
- make measurements to calculate the work done on an object and the power of an object
- solve basic problems given the following formulas:
  - Speed = distance/time (s = d/t)
  - Force = mass × acceleration (F = ma)
  - Work = force × distance (W = Fd)
  - Power = work/time (P = W/t).
- explain how the concepts of work, force, and motion apply to everyday uses and current technologies.