HS Chemistry -- 2009 Released Test

Which of these would be best to measure 12.6 mL of liquid ethanol?
1. 25 mL beaker
2. 25 mL volumetric flask
3. 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask
4. 25 mL graduated cylinder
Potassium (K) has a smaller atomic mass than argon (Ar) even though the atomic number of potassium is larger than the atomic number of argon. Which of the following best accounts for this observation?
1. At STP, potassium is in the solid phase, but argon is a gas.
2. It is easier for a potassium atom to lose an electron than it is for an argon atom.
3. The most common isotopes of argon have more protons than the most common isotopes of potassium.
4. The most common isotopes of potassium have fewer neutrons than the most common isotopes of argon.
Which of the following is the correct Lewis electron-dot diagram for the sodium atom?
A compound has a mass of 2.6632 x 10² g/mol. The number of significant figures in this mass is —
1. 2
2. 4
3. 5
4. 7
What are the coefficients of the correctly balanced equation?
1. 1, 3, 2, 3
2. 0, 2, 2, 3
3. 1, 2, 2, 2
4. 2, 6, 4, 3
The correct formula for dinitrogen pentoxide is —
1. N₂O₅
2. N₅O
3. NO₅
4. N₂O
When ionic compounds are named, the name of a monatomic anion will end in which of the following suffixes?
1. -ic
2. -ite
3. -ate
4. -ide
When 1 g of sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed in 100 g of water, a solution results. Once the solution is prepared, water is now considered what part of the solution?
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Solute
4. Solvent
What is the name of the compound with the formula PCI₅?
1. Phosphorus(I) chloride
2. Phosphorus(V) chlorine
3. Phosphorus pentachlorate
4. Phosphorus pentachloride
How many electrons does the iron ion have when it forms the ionic compound FeCl₃?
1. 20
2. 23
3. 26
4. 29
Covalent bonds mainly occur between —
1. two nonmetallic elements
2. two metallic elements
3. one metallic element and one nonmetallic element
4. one metalloid and one metallic element
What is the volume of the water in this graduated cylinder?
1. 4.39 mL
2. 4.41 mL
3. 4.55 mL
4. 5.61 mL
If substance X is a liquid, substance Y is a gas, and substance Z is a solid, and all are at the same temperature and pressure, then the order of increasing strength of their intermolecular forces would be —
1. X < Y < Z
2. Y < X < Z
3. Z < Y < X
4. Y < Z < X
If a sample has a mass of 1.25 x 10² g and a volume of 51 mL, what is its density?
1. 0.00025 g/mL
2. 0.0125 g/mL
3. 2.5 g/mL
4. 250 g/mL
What is the empirical formula of the compound with the molecular formula C₆H₁₂?
1. CH
2. CH₂
3. CH₄
4. C₂H₆
The diagram shows water molecules in an open beaker and water molecules that have evaporated into the air above the beaker. Which change in this system will increase the rate of evaporation?
1. Adding salt to the water
2. Increasing the temperature of the water
3. Increasing the pressure of the air above the water
4. Increasing the humidity of the air above the water
A chemist is examining an unidentified element sample with oxidation states of +2, +3, +6. The element has a shielding effect similar to that of potassium (K). Which statement about the unidentified element is most likely true?
1. It has the same number of neutrons as potassium.
2. It is a transition metal from the same period as potassium.
3. It is one of the heaviest elements in potassium’s group.
4. It is a mix of three unstable isotopes of potassium.
The reaction for the decomposition of ammonia (NH₃) can be written as shown. If a student starts with 21.7 g of NH₃ how many grams of hydrogen (H₂) gas will be produced by the reaction?
1. 1.28 g
2. 2.55 g
3. 3.85 g
4. 32.5 g
The product in a balanced reaction is 4Al₂O₃. Which of the following shows the number of aluminum and oxygen atoms in 4Al₂O₃?
1. 8 atoms of aluminum and 3 atoms of oxygen
2. 6 atoms of aluminum and 3 atoms of oxygen
3. 8 atoms of aluminum and 12 atoms of oxygen
4. 6 atoms of aluminum and 7 atoms of oxygen
According to the pH scale, which substance is slightly acidic?
1. Battery acid
2. Black coffee
3. Baking soda
4. Drain cleaner
Which of these is most likely to form between elements transferring electrons to form oppositely charged particles?
1. A metallic bond
2. A hydrogen bond
3. A covalent bond
4. An ionic bond
Which of the following is a chemical change?
1. Salt is dissolved in water.
2. Water is boiled on a stove.
3. Gasoline combusts in an engine.
4. Copper metal is stretched into a long wire.
The table shows the specific heat capacity of four substances.

For an equal mass of each substance, which one will require the least amount of heat to raise its temperature from 20°C to 30°C?
1. Aluminum
2. Glass
3. Carbon dioxide
4. Water
What is the volume occupied by 51.0 g of ammonia (NH₃) gas at STP?
1. 0.439 L
2. 22.8 L
3. 67.2 L
4. 91.9 L
Which substance will release the greatest amount of heat when 1.00 mol is frozen?
1. Argon
2. Benzene
3. Mercury
4. Water
A student hypothesizes that bromine (Br) has different chemical properties from krypton (Kr). The periodic table supports this hypothesis by indicating that —
1. bromine is a metal while krypton is a nonmetal
2. one mole of bromine is heavier than one mole of krypton
3. bromine and krypton are members of the same family
4. bromine and krypton have different numbers of valence electrons
A mixture of gases with a pressure of 800 mm Hg contains 10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen by volume. What is the partial pressure of the oxygen gas in the mixture?
1. 10 mm Hg
2. 80 mm Hg
3. 700 mm Hg
4. 800 mm Hg
Which graph best shows the relationship between the volume of a gas and its temperature as the gas pressure remains constant?
One example of an ionic compound is —
1. F₂
2. CO₂
3. HBr
4. MgCl₂
A bottle of chemical Q spills on the floor. According to the MSDS, what is the proper response to this accident?
1. Letting the chemical evaporate by blowing fans on the spill
2. Diluting the chemical with water, absorbing the liquid with inert material, and disposing of it in the trash
3. Wiping up the chemical using paper towels and disposing of them in the trash
4. Absorbing the chemical with inert material and disposing of it in a chemical waste container
Le Chatelier’s principle describes what happens to a system in equilibrium when a stress occurs. All of the following could shift an equilibrium EXCEPT —
1. changing the pressure on the system
2. changing the temperature of the system
3. changing the identity of the catalyst
4. changing the concentration of one of the components
What type of reaction is shown?
1. Precipitation
2. Neutralization
3. Single replacement
4. Double replacement
Hydrogen chloride is a covalent compound. Which is a correct Lewis dot structure for HCl?
Which is the best use for a fume hood?
1. Storing glassware
2. Removing toxic vapors
3. Covering volatile compounds
4. Mixing chemicals that release O₂
Which of the following equations is balanced?
1. Na+ 2Cl → 2NaCl₂
2. 2Na+ Cl₂ → NaCl₂
3. Na+ Cl₂ → 2NaCl
4. 2Na+ Cl₂ → 2NaCl
The specific heat of aluminum is . How much heat is required to raise the temperature of a 30.0 g block of aluminum from 25.0°C to 75.0°C ?
1. 0.540 J
2. 1.50 J
3. 1350 J
4. 1670 J
When an electric current is passed through water, the reaction shown takes place. If the arrow were pointing in the opposite direction, what type of reaction would the new reaction represent?
1. Single-replacement
2. Double-replacement
3. Synthesis
4. Decomposition
The picture shows a small section of elements from the periodic table. Which element has one more proton than element X?
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
If 1.0 mole of methane reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water, what mass of water is produced?
1. 16 grams
2. 18 grams
3. 36 grams
4. 44 grams
An example of a chemical property is —
1. mass of a substance per unit volume
2. ability to dissolve in solution
3. point where solid becomes liquid
4. tendency to undergo oxidation
Students want to separate and compare the components of black ink and green ink. Which technique is the best for the students to use?
1. Chromatography
2. Decanting
3. Filtration
4. Evaporation
When 80 g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, are dissolved in enough water to make 500 mL of solution, the molarity of the solution is —
1. 1 M
2. 2 M
3. 4 M
4. 8 M
What is the name for the compound CaSO₄ ?
1. Calcium sulfate
2. Calcium sulfide
3. Calcium sulfur oxide
4. Calcium sulfur oxygen
If the pH of a solution is 4, what is the pOH?
1. 0
2. 6
3. 7
4. 10
A student attempts to measure the specific heat capacity of an unknown liquid through repeated trials. She measures its specific heat capacity, in as 2.14, 2.11, 2.13, 2.12, and 2.11. The specific heat capacity of the liquid should be recorded as —
If the temperature changes from point M to point N, at constant pressure, compound X undergoes —
1. one phase change
2. two phase changes
3. three phase changes
4. no change in phase
Which of these best describes the basis on which new scientific ideas are accepted or rejected?
1. Popular support
2. Historical support
3. Compelling evidence
4. Moral and ethical beliefs
Based on its position in the periodic table, the element sulfur would be expected to have how many valence electrons?
1. 4
2. 6
3. 8
4. 16
The number of molecules in 48.0 grams of oxygen gas (O₂) is —
1. 6.02 x 10²³
2. 9.03 x 10²³
3. 1.20 x 10²⁴
4. 1.81 x 10²⁴
A student determined that the density of a sample of tin is 8.00 g/mL, when the actual density of tin is 7.28 g/mL. What was the percent error in the student’s calculation?
1. 0.72%
2. 9.0%
3. 9.9%
4. 91%