The North
and South disagreed over many things, but the biggest issue
dividing the
nation and leading to the Civil War was: |
slavery |
The North was
mainly an _____ society in which people held jobs. |
urban |
The South was
primarily an __________ society in which people lived in small villages
and on farms and plantations. |
agricultural |
What are tariffs? |
Taxes on
imported goods |
|
|
Who wanted tariffs,
the North or the South? |
The
North |
Why did the North
want tariffs on imported goods? |
To
protect factory owners and workers from foreign competition |
Why did the South
oppose tariffs? |
Tariffs would
cause prices of goods to increase. |
Another major
conflict between the North and South was the issue of states’ rights vs. _____. |
strong central
government |
|
|
Name 3 issues
that divided the North and the South? |
1. slavery;
2. tariffs;
3. cultural differences (urban society vs. agricultural society);
4. states' rights vs. strong central government |
The North believed
that the nation was a union and: |
could not be divided. |
Southerners believed
that they had the power to declare any national law _______.
|
illegal |
Northerners believed
that the national government’s power was: |
supreme over that of
the states |
|
|
Southerners felt
that the abolition of slavery would destroy their region's: |
agricultural economy |
Northerners believed
that slavery should be abolished because it was: |
morally wrong. |
Name 3
compromises that attempted to resolve differences over slavery in new
states joining the Union. |
Missouri Compromise
(1820);
Compromise of l850;
Kansas-Nebraska Act |
What was the
result of the Missouri Compromise (1820)? |
Missouri entered the
Union as a slave state; Maine, as a free state. |
|
|
What was the result of the
Compromise of l850? |
California would be a free state. The Southwest territories would decide
about slavery themselves. |
What
was the result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? |
People in these territories would decide the slavery issue by popular
vote ("popular sovereignty"). |
The purpose of the 3 compromises
was : |
to keep the number
of slave and free states equal so neither side would gain control of
Congress. |
What happened after Lincoln
became president? |
The
southern states seceded from the Union |
|
|
What event marked
the beginning of the Civil War? |
Confederate forces
attacked Fort Sumter, in South Carolina |
Lincoln and many
Northerners believed that the United States was one nation that could
not be: |
separated or divided |
Most Southerners
believed that states had freely created and joined the union, and
could therefore:
|
freely leave it |
The states
that seceded from the Union favored slavery because they were: |
dependent upon
labor-intensive cash crops |
|
|
Alabama; Arkansas;
Florida; Georgia; Louisiana; Mississippi; North Carolina; South
Carolina; Tennessee; Texas; Virginia
What did these states do? |
They
seceded from the Union |
Which four slave states stayed in the
Union? |
Delaware
Kentucky
Maryland
Missouri |
The
four slave states that stayed in the Union were called: |
Border
states |
Western counties of
Virginia that refused to secede from the Union formed: |
the
state of West Virginia |
|
|
During the Civil war, Abraham Lincoln was: |
President
|
Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation to: |
free
the slaves |
Lincoln was
determined to ________, by force if necessary.
|
preserve the Union |
Lincoln believed
the United States was one nation, not a: |
collection of independent states
|
|
|
Who wrote the
Gettysburg Address? |
Lincoln |
In the Gettysburg
Address, Lincoln said that said the Civil War was being fought to preserve a
government: |
“of the people, by
the people, and for the people.” |
Who was
president of the Confederate States of America? |
Jefferson Davis |
Who was general of the Union
army that defeated Lee? |
Ulysses S. Grant |
|
|
Who was leader
of the Army of Northern Virginia? |
Robert E. Lee |
Who was offered
command of the Union forces at the beginning of the war but chose not to
fight against Virginia? |
Robert E. Lee |
At the end of the war, what did
Lee urge Southerners to do? |
Lee
urged Southerners to accept defeat and reunite as Americans, even though
some Southerners wanted to keep fighting. |
How were Lincoln and Lee's views
about the Union the same and how did they differ? |
Both wanted to preserve the
Union, but Lincoln was willing to do it by force, and Lee did not think
the Union should be held together by force. |
|
|
Who was Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson? |
A skilled Confederate general
from Virginia who played a big role in the First Battle of Bull Run. |
Who was
Frederick Douglass? |
A former slave who escaped to
the North and became an abolitionist |
What event began
the Civil War? |
The firing on Fort Sumter, S.C. |
What was the first major battle
of the Civil War? |
The
first Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) |
|
|
What was an important result of
the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation? |
It made “freeing
the slaves” the new focus of the war. Many freed slaves joined the
Union army. |
What
was the result of the Battle of Vicksburg? |
The
North got control of the Mississippi River. This divided the
South in two parts. |
What battle was considered the
turning point of the war? |
The Battle of
Gettysburg, where the North repelled Lee’s invasion. |
What happened at Appomattox
Court House in 1865? |
Lee’s surrender to Grant ended
the war |
|
|
Describe
life and conditions on the battlefield? |
Extremely harsh; many died from
disease and exposure. |
What
hardships were experienced during the Civil War? |
·
Families and friends were often
pitted against one another.
·
Disease was a major killer.
·
Combat was brutal and often
man-to-man. |
What was women's role in the
war? |
Women were left
to run businesses in the North and farms and plantations in the South. |
Who was the
Civil War nurse, who created the American Red Cross? |
Clara Barton |
|
|
What was the condition of the
South at the end of the war? |
Much of the South was destroyed by the end of the war.
Richmond and Atlanta had were burned.
Confederate money was
worthless. |
What was the role of African
Americans in the Civil War? |
They
fought in both the
Confederate and Union armies.
|
How were African American
Soldiers treated? |
• African American soldiers were paid less than
white soldiers.
• African American soldiers were discriminated against and served in
segregated units under the command of white officers. |
A brave and heroic African American
sailor and later a Union naval captain who became a Congressman after
the Civil War was: |
Robert Smalls |
|
|
Which
amendments were added to the Constitution after the war to address
the issues of slavery and guarantee equal protection under the law for
all citizens? |
The 13th, 14th, and
15th Amendments |
Which amendment
banned slavery? |
The 13th Amendment |
Which amendment
granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States and
guaranteed them equal protection under the law? |
The 14th Amendment |
Which amendment
insured all citizens the right to vote regardless of race or color or
previous condition of servitude? |
The 15th Amendment |
|
|
What do the 13th, 14th, and 15th
amendments do? |
They
guarantee equal protection under the law for all citizens. |
The period after the Civil War is called: |
Reconstruction |
What were some Reconstruction
policies? |
Northern soldiers
supervised the South and Southern military leaders could not hold office.
African Americans gained equal rights and some
held public office. |
What was the purpose
of Civil Rights Act of 1866? |
It
gave
equal rights to African Americans |
|
|
What were some of the problems
created by Reconstruction policies? |
The Reconstruction
policies were harsh and created resentment.
Southerners resented northern “carpetbaggers" |
|
|